| CVE |
Vendors |
Products |
Updated |
CVSS v3.1 |
| A flaw was found in Quarkus where HTTP security policies are not sanitizing certain character permutations correctly when accepting requests, resulting in incorrect evaluation of permissions. This issue could allow an attacker to bypass the security policy altogether, resulting in unauthorized endpoint access and possibly a denial of service. |
| ### Summary
`qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` writes the key of an empty array without encoding it, even though keys are encoded by default. A key that contains `&` (or the configured `delimiter`), `=`, or `#` therefore becomes query string syntax instead of data, so a caller-supplied key name can add parameters to the serialized query string, or cut it short.
### Details
In `lib/stringify.js`, the `allowEmptyArrays` branch returns `adjustedPrefix + '[]'` early, before the code that passes every other key through `encoder` and `formatter`. So `{ "x&k=v": ["1"] }` serializes as `x%26k%3Dv%5B0%5D=1`, but `{ "x&k=v": [] }` serializes as `x&k=v[]`. The early return applies at any depth (`{ "a": { "b&k=v": [] } }` gives `a[b&k=v][]`), under every `arrayFormat`, with `allowDots`, and with a custom `encoder`, which is never called for that key. With `encode: false` or `encodeValuesOnly: true`, keys are intentionally left unencoded on every path; those configurations are not affected.
#### PoC
```js
var qs = require("qs");
var query = qs.stringify({ q: "hi", "x&apiKey=evil&y": [] }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });
// "q=hi&x&apiKey=evil&y[]"
qs.parse(query);
// { q: "hi", x: "", apiKey: "evil", y: [""] }
qs.stringify({ "x#": [], z: "1" }, { allowEmptyArrays: true });
// "x#[]&z=1": in a URL, everything after "#" becomes the fragment
```
#### Fix
Applied in 234d505 on `main` and released as v6.17.0, and backported to v6.16.2, v6.15.4, v6.14.3, v6.13.4, and v6.12.6: the key of an empty array goes through `encoder` and `formatter` exactly as the key of any other value does, so `{ "x&apiKey=evil&y": [] }` now serializes as `x%26apiKey%3Devil%26y[]`. Keys that need no encoding serialize as before, with two exceptions that match every other path: the brackets of a nested key are now encoded (`a[b][]` becomes `a%5Bb%5D[]`, which `qs.parse` reads identically), and with `encodeDotInKeys`, a dot in the key becomes `%252E` instead of `%2E` (which `decodeDotInKeys` previously misread as nesting).
### Affected versions
- `>=6.12.0 <6.12.6`, fixed in v6.12.6
- `>=6.13.0 <6.13.4`, fixed in v6.13.4
- `>=6.14.0 <6.14.3`, fixed in v6.14.3
- `>=6.15.0 <6.15.4`, fixed in v6.15.4
- `>=6.16.0 <6.16.2`, fixed in v6.16.2
v6.17.0 and later are not affected.
`allowEmptyArrays` was introduced in f22b2bc and first shipped in v6.12.0, with this early return. Earlier versions have no `allowEmptyArrays` option and are not affected.
### Impact
An application that passes an object whose key names come from untrusted input to `qs.stringify` with `allowEmptyArrays: true` (for example, to forward a parsed JSON body or user-selected fields to an upstream service) can have parameters injected into the resulting query string. The injected parameters are not keys of the object, so deleting or overwriting a key on the object (such as setting a trusted `apiKey` after copying the user's fields) does not remove them; whether the attacker's value or the application's wins depends on how the receiving side handles a duplicate parameter. A `#` in such a key ends the query string early when the result is placed in a URL. `allowEmptyArrays` is off by default, and only keys whose value (after any `filter`) is an empty array are affected. |
| A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrative privileges to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system of an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user arguments that are passed to specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to the device CLI with valid administrative (level 15) credentials and using crafted commands at the CLI prompt. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root. |
| Improper Session Invalidation after Authentication Credential Change vulnerability in team-alembic ash_authentication allows an attacker holding a victim's session token to stay signed in after the victim resets or changes their password.
With apply_on_password_change? true, AshAuthentication.AddOn.LogOutEverywhere.Transformer adds OnPasswordChange to update actions as a global change guarded by where: changing(hashed_password). That condition is evaluated before the action's before_action hooks run, but AshAuthentication.Strategy.Password.HashPasswordChange sets the new hash in a before_action hook, so for every non-atomic password change the condition is false and the user's stored tokens are not revoked. The generated password reset action and the installer's change_password action are both non-atomic.
This issue affects ash_authentication: from 4.5.0 before 4.15.1 and from 5.0.0-rc.0 before 5.0.0-rc.16. |
| i18next-http-backend is a backend layer for i18next that loads translation resources in Node.js, browsers, and Deno. Prior to 4.0.4, interpolateUrl inserts unencoded language and namespace values into loadPath or addPath templates without rejecting ampersand (&), equals (=), or semicolon (;) query separators. When a template places lng or ns in the query string and an attacker controls that value, the attacker can add or override parameters on browser or server-side translation requests, potentially exposing other namespaces or tenants or changing backend behavior through the application's network position and credentials. This vulnerability is the result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2026-41691. This issue is fixed in version 4.0.4. |
| Płatnik uses HTTP protocol to download updates, libraries and support files. It allows an attacker to conduct a Man-In-The-Middle attack, obtain transmitted data and replace the original files with their own.
This issue was fixed in metric 334 in version 10.02.002. |
| Improper neutralization of quoting syntax in SQL identifier construction in the Apache Iceberg write component in AWS SDK for pandas (also published as awswrangler) 3.5.2 through 3.17.0 might allow an authenticated remote user with permission to modify AWS Glue Data Catalog metadata to read any table that a separate, more privileged principal can access and write to the table that principal is updating via a crafted column name.
To remediate this issue, users should upgrade to version 3.17.1 or later. |
| PHP has various global state that temporarily points into request memory. In some scenarios, global state may not be correctly reset, or may be repopulated after being reset. The global state may then refer to request memory even after it has been freed. Subsequent requests may read or branch on this stale state before it is fully initialized. Multiple strategies can trigger this condition and produce remote code execution (RCE). |
| PHP uses longjmp() for out-of-memory (OOM) errors to exit the current context and abort handling of the request. Some contexts may not properly account for this scenario and leave request memory in an uninitialized state before performing an allocation. The subsequent request cleanup procedure may read or branch on this memory. Multiple OOM strategies can consistently trigger this condition and lead to remote code execution (RCE). |
| Astro is a web framework for content-driven websites. From 7.1.0 until 7.3.3, Astro's server-side View Transition CSS generator does not keep string animation properties within their generated declarations. An application that passes attacker-controlled data into properties such as duration, delay, easing, direction, fillMode, or animation names can allow CSS delimiters to terminate the declaration and add attacker-selected rules to the server-rendered page. The generated stylesheet still escapes literal less-than characters, so the injected content cannot terminate the style element or directly inject HTML or JavaScript. The injected CSS can conceal or reposition content, add generated text, and otherwise misrepresent the interface; some applications may also expose data already present in selectable DOM attributes through conditional resource loads. This issue is fixed in 7.3.3. |
| Botan is a C++ cryptography library. From 1.11.22 until 3.13.0, Botan's Python binding converted Python strings containing U+0000 to const char* values without consistently rejecting the embedded NUL, causing bcrypt and check_bcrypt to process only the prefix before the NUL. Applications could validate a longer password but hash a shorter effective value, allowing application password-policy bypass; scrypt and argon2 are unaffected. This issue is fixed in version 3.13.0. |
| socket.getaddrinfo() previously accepted null bytes within *host* and *port* parameters which can cause the values to be silently truncated. |
| Improper access control in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. |
| MoviePilot through 3.1.5 contains a command injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute arbitrary OS commands by embedding malicious instructions in untrusted content processed through tools like browse_webpage, search_web, and torrent metadata parsers, which then get passed to the unrestricted ExecuteCommandTool via asyncio.create_subprocess_shell. Attackers can craft content that instructs the model to invoke execute_command with confirm_dangerous set to true, bypassing the validate_command_safety denylist and exploiting the admin session's is_admin context to achieve remote code execution on the host. |
| Improper neutralization of input terminators vulnerability in The Wikimedia Foundation Mediawiki - WikiLambda Extension allows Authentication Bypass.
This issue affects Mediawiki - WikiLambda Extension: from * before 1.43.9,1.44.6,1.45.4. |
| Improper Neutralization of Parameter/Argument Delimiters vulnerability in elixir-plug plug allows an attacker to inject or override HTTP cookie attributes.
The Plug.Conn.Cookies.encode/2 function in lib/plug/conn/cookies.ex builds the Set-Cookie response header by interpolating the cookie value and its path, domain, same_site, and extra attributes directly into the header without neutralizing the ; delimiter that separates cookie attributes.
An application that places attacker-controlled data into a cookie value or attribute (for example via Plug.Conn.put_resp_cookie/4 when reflecting a username or preference) lets an attacker inject a ; to append or override cookie attributes (such as Domain and Path scope, or dropping the Secure and HttpOnly flags), enabling cookie tossing and session fixation. Carriage return, line feed, and null bytes are rejected by Plug.Conn header validation, so HTTP response splitting is not possible, but attribute injection through ; is not prevented.
This issue affects plug: from 0.1.0 before 1.16.6, from 1.17.0 before 1.17.4, from 1.18.0 before 1.18.5, from 1.19.1 before 1.19.5, and from 1.20.0 before 1.20.3. |
| LangAlpha through 2026.09.07 contains an indirect prompt injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute shell commands or Python by planting instructions in web content retrieved by the agent. Because Bash and ExecuteCode lack an allow-list and human-in-the-loop approval, attackers can run code in the workspace sandbox and exfiltrate vault secrets from _internal/.vault_secrets.json. |
| Context7 through 2.1.2 contains a prompt injection vulnerability that allows attackers to execute malicious instructions in connected AI coding agents by injecting unsanitized content through the Custom AI Instructions feature served via the MCP server. Attackers can poison the custom instructions to exfiltrate credentials from environment files to an attacker-controlled service and perform destructive file deletion on the victim's machine when the agent makes a routine library documentation request. |
| HKUDS Vibe-Trading from 0.1.0 before 0.1.7 contains an indirect prompt injection vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute shell commands as root by planting instructions in documents or web pages the agent processes. BashTool and BackgroundRunTool pass model-emitted commands to subprocess.run with shell=True and no allow-list or approval step, and read_url fetches arbitrary URLs, enabling command execution and server-side request forgery. |
| json-smart through 2.6.0 contains an input validation bypass vulnerability that allows attackers to evade strict-mode trailing-data checks by inserting a literal 0x1A character. Attackers can append 0x1A and malformed content to pass JSONValue.parseStrict or isValidJsonStrict validation, creating parser differentials with downstream parsers like Jackson or Gson. |
